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中國的烹飪 Chinese cuisine 基本的烹飪方法 basic ways of cooking
分為四個菜系，即北方菜、四川菜、江浙菜和南方菜。To be classified into four major schools, namely, the Northern School, the Sichuan School, the Jiangzhe School and the Southern School. 因為中國的北方氣候寒冷，所以各種菜式選用含卡路里較高的用料，以保證足夠的熱量。
Most of the dishes have a high calorie value answering the demands of the cold northern climate 麻辣 spicy ad hot
鮮嫩可口 tender and juicy 饞涎欲滴 (of the mouth) to start watering
美食家 gourmet 盛產各種魚蝦海味 a great variety of dishes from the sea, rivers and lakes 人類從茹毛飲血到田園農耕，從產業時代到信息社會，歷盡滄桑。
From primitive barbarism to agro-farming, from the industrial age to information society, mankind has gone through countless harships. 人類創造的巨大的物質財富和燦爛的精神文明，構成了社會發展進程中波瀾壯闊的文明史圖，形成了浩如煙海、博大精深的文明樂章。
The massive material wealth and splendid civilizations crated by mankind constitute a magnificent scenery of the history of civilizations in the course of social development and a resounding and profound musical movement of civilizations. 亞洲文明是世界聞名的奇葩，歷史悠久，輝煌燦爛。
With their long and brilliant history, Asian civilizations are glimmering like beautiful flowers in the garden of world civilization. 在農耕、掘井、開渠、冶煉、天文、醫學等領域。
In agro-farming, well-digging, canal-building, smelting, astronomy, medical science and other fields. 中國古代的睿智賢哲提倡“四海之內皆兄弟”，“和為貴”、“海納百川”等四項主張，對中華文明與其他文明間的交流和融合產生著重要影響。
Ideas advocated by ancient Chinese philosophers, the wise and able, such as “all men under heaven are brothers”, “harmony is the most precious” and “the ocean accommodates all rivers on earth”, remains highly influential in the exchange and integration among the Chinese civilization and other civilizations. 不同文明間對話、交流、融合是歷史發展的必然趨勢，也是文明本身自我完善、延續發展的要求。
Dialogue, exchanges and integration among different civilizations, as the natural trend of historical development, are the requisites for the self-improvement and continued development of civilizations. 化解積怨、捐棄前嫌
To eliminate one’s feuds to bring about reconciliation. 世界是豐富多彩的，“物之不齊，物之性也”。The world is indeed colorful. As a Chinese saying goes, “it is the law of nature that objects are different” 應該堅持各種文明取長補短、兼容并蓄。
It is essential to advocate mutual leaning and integration among civilizations. 只有取其精髓、去其糟粕，揚長避短，相互借鑒，才能促進共同發展和共同進步。
Only by discarding the dross and assimilating the essence, fostering strengths
to make up for weaknesses and mutual learning will it be possible to promote common development and progress. Brief introduction of tourism in China 中國國家旅游局 the China National Tourism Administration (CNTA) 世界旅游組織 the World Tourism Organization 聯合國教科文組織世界遺產委員會 the World Heritage Committee of the UNESCO 《世界旅游業職業道德規范》 the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism 世界旅游日（9 月 27 日）World Tourism Day 承認不同的文化特性 to recognize cultural identities 在世界各國人民之間分享不同的思想與經歷 to share ideas and experiences between the peoples of the world 著名的“絲綢之路”文化旅游專線 cultural itinerary known as the Silk Road 確保旅游業可持續、負責任、重道德地向前發展 to ensure that tourism develops in a sustainable, responsible and ethical way 旅游業 the tourist/ travel industry/ trade/ sector, tourism 綜合性很強的產業 a highly comprehensive industry 作為第三產業的重點 as the top priority of the tertiary industry 開發旅游資源 to tap tourist resources
客源輸出國 tourist-generating country 市場促銷 market promotion
產品開發 product development 廣闊的發展前景 a bright future for development 推動有條件的地區加快發展旅游業 to push areas which have the right conditions to accelerate the development of their tourism industry 旅游業的關聯帶動作用 the locomotive role of the tourism industry 帶動當地的經濟社會發展 to give an impetus to the local social and economic development 配套設施建設 the construction of coordinated/ supporting facilities 制定相應的扶持政策 formulate corresponding support policies 春節、國慶長假 the long holidays of Spring Festival and National Day 豐富多彩的燦爛文化 a rich splendid culture 中國歷史悠久、山川壯麗、民俗奇異、旅游資源十分豐富 China has a long history, splendid scenery and fantastical folk customs, which bring rich tourist resources. 中國有 27 個名勝古跡被列入聯合國教科文組織的文化遺產錄 China has 27 scenic spots that are on the list of world heritages of the UNESCO 國際旅游市場 international tourist market
About travel agency 旅行社 travel agency/ service
旅游公司 tourist company 中國國際旅行社 the China International Travel Service ( CITS) 中國旅行社 the China Travel Service
中國青年旅行社 the China Youth Travel Service 觀光與度假相結合 to combine sightseeing with holiday-making 地方/全程導游；地/全陪 local/national guide
注冊/持證導游 registered/ licensed guide
索取回扣/傭金 to demand /acquire kickbacks/ commissions 提高導游的素質和服務水平 to improve the professional competence and service quality of guides 旅行團領隊 tour escort/ director
團隊/包價旅游 group/package tour 個人旅游 individual travel 專向/特色旅游 special interest program/tour
專業/職業旅游 professional tours 學習//學術/獎勵旅游；生態旅游 study/academic / incentive tour; eco-tour 文華/蜜月/遼陽/商務旅游 cultural/ honeymoon/ convalescence/business tour 春游 spring outing
旅游價格 tour price
報價 quotation 報名交費 to sign up and pay the expenses 旅行團來華前應將費用全部付清，否則，預定的團組特作自動取消論處。
The balance of payment should be settled before departure. Otherwise, the reservation will be automatically released. “食、住、行、游、購、娛”一條龍的旅游服務體系 an integrated/ comprehensive service system for tourism covering dining, accommodation, transportation, sightseeing, shopping and entertainment 各項旅游的報價均含游客在旅游過所需的一切費用。The quotation for each tour includes all expenses in the destination country. 包括住宿費、膳食費、交通費、游覽費、導游費、機場離境稅以及往返國際機票。
This includes the cost of accommodation, meals, transportation, sightseeing, guides, airport departure tax, and a round-trip international airfare. 旅行者沒有結束旅行離團時，扣除部分費用和旅行社的損失費后，將余款退還給旅行者。A refund may be made to the tour member for the uncompleted part of the tour after making due deductions of expenses and damages incurred by the travel service. 旅行者離團單獨活動時所用交通費用自理。Tour members arriving or departing independently outside group arrangements are responsible for their own transportation. 單間一般沒有。
Single rooms are generally not available. 負責由此而產生的一切額外費用。To be responsible for all additional costs incurred. 待確認后費用全部付清。
Full payment is due upon our confirmation. 申請/要求退款 to apply for / claim a refund 退款政策 refund policy
全部退款 a full refund will be made 預定金馬上退還給你 the deposit will be returned to you immediately.
Traveling by air 出境時，旅行者需支付機場稅。Airport tax must be paid by the tour members at the time of departure. 簡化外國人出入境手續
to streamline the entry and exit process/procedures for foreigners 持美國護照 to hold an American passport 發放/獲得/辦理簽證 to grant/ obtain/ process visa 頭等艙；經濟艙 first /business class; economy class 旺/平/淡季 peak/ regular /low season
正常/淡季/夜航票價
regular/normal/off-season/ night fares 中國國家民用航空總局 the State General Administration of Civil Aviation (CAAC) 定期航班 scheduled flights/ departures 班期更改，恕不預告 schedules are subject to change without notice.
中途停留 To stop over; stopover
續程聯結飛機 Onward connecting flight 旅客接送服務臺 Transfer desk
登機證 Boarding pass 乘機/旅客聯 Flight/passenger coupon
手提行李 Hand/carry-on/cabin baggage 免費行李額 Free Baggage Allowance
行李超重費 Excess baggage charges 行李票/證 Baggage check /ticket
安全檢查 Safety inspection 嚴禁攜帶的物品 Restricted articles
兇器 Lethal weapon 易燃、易爆、腐蝕、有毒、放射性物質、可聚合物質、磁性物質 Inflammable, explosive, corrosive, poisonous, radioactive, polymerizable and magnetized materials 機密文件和資料 Classified papers and confidential documents 救生衣 Life vest
安全帶 Seat/safety belt
機場接送車 Limousine
Car rental 汽車出租 Car rental
行駛里程不限 Unlimited mileage 基價公里 Minimum mileage
空駛費 No-occupancy surcharge 起租/等候/超時費 Drop/waiting/overtime charge
Accommodation 豪華/旅游酒店 Deluxe/tourist hotel
星級酒店 Star-grade hotels 老年公寓、招待所 pension and hostel
青年旅館 Youth hostel 平房/廉價旅館 Bungalow/budget hotel
夫妻旅店 Mon-and-pop hotel 把… 安排在假日酒店下榻 To put …up/ accommodate … at the Holiday Inn 地理位置優越、交通方便 With an ideal location and easy transportation 地址適中 Centrally located
旅館大堂 Hotel lobby 所有費用由公司報銷/負擔 The company will pay/bear/cover all the expenses. 入/離店手續；住房登記/退房手續 Check-in/check-out 辦理登記手續 To go through the registration procedure 旅館登記表 Hotel registration form
總統/經理套房 Presidential/ executive suite 蜜月/家庭套房 Honeymoon/family suite
房價 Room charge 打六折 To get a 40 percent discount; to be 40 percent off 標準間/房價 Standard room/rate
自動記賬 Auto-billing 旅行支票 Traveler’s check 用現金或信用卡支付 To pay by cash or credit
現金支付機 Cash dispenser 自動取款機 Automatic teller machine (ATM) 帶兩張單人床的雙人房 Double room with twin beds
加床窗 Extra bed 客房家具精致 Tastefully furnished rooms and suites 贈送/免費飲料 Complimentary drinks
客房出租率 Room occupancy rate
顧客滿意率 Customer satisfaction rate for a hotel 銷售部 Sales and marketing department
業務范圍 Scope of business 設備齊全的商務中心 Fully equipped business center 國際/國內直撥電話 IDD/DDD (international/ domestic direct dial) 集住宿、餐飲、娛樂、健身、商務和會務于一體 With a complete service of accommodation, catering, entertainment, body-building, and business and convention facilities 賓館提供各種便利服務項目，其中包括出租車聯系、機票和火車票預訂、外幣兌換、國際電話直撥、因特網使用等。The hotel provides comprehensive services such as taxi arrangement, airline and train ticket booking, money exchange, international direct dial telephone and Internet service. 提供衣服洗熨、美容美發、桑拿沐浴、按摩推拿等服務。To provide
laundry service, a beauty parlor, a sauna bath and a health service with medical massage. 叫醒客人服務 wake-up service 各種娛樂設施一應俱全 to be complete with all entertainment and recreational amenities 卡拉 OK 歌舞廳 ballroom equipped with Karaoke facilities 健身房和娛樂中心 gym and recreational center
健身中心 fitness center 桌球房、保齡球場合迷你高爾夫球場 billiard room, bowling alleys and mini-golf course 網球場、游泳池和溜冰場 tennis court, swimming pool and skating rink 礦泉浴和水力按摩浴 spa and Jacuzzi
Food 飲食業 Catering industry/ culture
旋轉餐廳 Revolving restaurant 自助正餐/早餐 Dinner/breakfast buffet
飲食習慣/方式 Food habits/styles 中餐烹飪的獨特藝術 The distinctive Chinese culinary art 享有“烹飪王國”之美譽 To enjoy a world-wide reputation as the “kingdom of cuisine” 中國四大菜系 The four major/well-known cuisines/ schools of China 南淡北咸，東甜西辣 The light southern (Canton) cuisine, and the salty northern (Shandong) cuisine; the sweet eastern (Yangzhou) cuisine, and the spicy western (Sichuan) cuisine 魯菜通常較咸，汁色普遍較淡 Shangdong cuisine is generally salty, with a prevalence of light-colored sauces. 魯菜注重選料精于刀功，善于炊技 Shangdong dishes feature choice of ingredients/ materials, adept technique in slicing and prefect cooking skills. 川菜選料范圍大，調味及炊技變化多樣 Sichuan cuisine features a wide range of ingredients, various seasonings and different cooking techniques. 川菜最大的特點是品種多、口味重，以麻辣著稱。Sichuan food is famous for its numerous varieties of delicacies and strong flavors, and is best known for being spicy-hot. 粵菜強調輕炒淺煮，選料似乎不受限制。Cantonese cuisine emphasizes light cooking
with seemingly limitless range of ingredients. 揚州菜注重選料的原汁原味。Yangzhou cuisine emphasizes the original flavors of well-chosen materials. 注意選料 To select ingredients carefully; careful selection of ingredients 食物的質地 The texture of food 中餐烹調所有的天然配料，品種繁多，幾無窮盡；烹調方法，也層出不窮，不可悉數 Nearly endless variety of natural ingredients and methods of preparation are employed in Chinese cuisine/ cooking 評判中餐菜肴優劣的三大要素是“色、香、味”。The three essential factors or key elements for judging Chinese cooking are known as “color, aroma and taste”. 菜肴的裝盤、擺放和圖案 The layout and design of the dishes 選料、調料、適時烹調、把握火候、裝盤上桌這些微妙步驟地細心協調 The careful coordination of such a series of delicate activities as selecting ingredients, mixing flavors, timing the cooking, controlling the heat and finally, laying out the food on the plate for the table. 佐料的調配 The blending of seasonings 調味藝術 The art of proper seasoning
味精 Gourmet powder; monosodium glutamate 雞精 Essence of chicken; chicken essence 生姜/醋/醬油/黃酒/番茄醬 Ginger/vinegar/ soy sauce/yellow rice wine/ tomato sauce 廚師 Chef
菜刀/刀板/鐵鍋 Kitchen knife/ cutting board / wok 刀功 Slicing technique
烹飪餐具 Cooking utensil 消毒 To pasteurize /sterilize
食/菜譜 Recipe/menu 各種幫派的民族風味餐 various ethnic foods
真宗的清真/回民菜 authentic Muslim/ Halal food
家鄉/地方風味 local flavor/ cuisine/ food 饅頭、油條、大餅、平煎薄餅 steamed bread/bun, twisted cruller, bannock and pancake 豆漿/豆腐腦/方便面 soybean milk/ beancurd jelly/ instant noodles 米飯/叉燒炒飯/炒飯/蛋炒飯 steamed rice/ roast pork rice/ fried rice/ egg fried rice 小米粥/綠豆粥/芝麻湯圓 millet congee/ congee with green beans/ sweet rice balls with soup 炒面/ 湯面/米線 stir-fried noodles/ soup noodles/ rice noodles 不含防腐劑 free of preservative; to contain no preservative; preservative-free 備受青睞 to enjoy popularity; to be popular
您想點菜嗎？are you ready to order, sir? 貴店有什么特色菜？ May I know your house special?
特色/招牌菜 specialty 藥膳 medicated diet; health food 兩道冷菜、兩道熱菜、外加湯和米飯
two courses of cold dishes and two courses of hot dishes, coupled with soup and steamed rice. 中餐先上冷盤，而西餐先上湯 A Chinese dinner begins with cold dishes whereas a
Western dinner starts with a soup. 請嘗嘗我的拿手菜。Would you like to try my special recipe? 沏/泡/品/喝茶 to make /brew /sip/ drink tea 濃/淡/綠/紅/茉莉花/菊花/玫瑰花茶 strong/ weak/ green/ black/ jasmine/ chrysanthemum/ rose tea 中國人又在正月十五晚上吃元宵、賞花燈的習俗 The Chinese have the custom of eating yuanxiao (sweet dumplings made of glutinous rice flour) and watching festive lanterns on the fifteenth evening of the first lunar month.
Tourist attraction
豐富的旅游資源 rich/ abundant tourist resources 旅游景點/勝地 tourist attraction/ lure/ destination; scenic spot 風景點和旅游專線 scenic spots and special itineraries 名勝古跡 scenic spots and historical sites 地方志 local chronicles; annals of local history
文化載體 cultural carrier 自然景觀 natural beauty/ attraction
人文景觀 places of historic figures and cultural heritage 把自然景觀和人文景觀完美地融為一體 a combination of natural scenery and cultural heritage; a perfect example of the kind of resort that embodies natural scenery and cultural heritage 中國傳統文化與世界新潮完美結合的典范 a perfect combination of the traditional Chinese culture and the world’s fads and fashion 神話傳說 fairy tales and folklore 天 象
natural/ astronomical phenomena 國家級度假勝地 national holiday resort 避暑勝地 summer resort 名山大川 famous mountains and great rivers 青山綠水 green hills and clear waters 難以忘懷的風景 haunting landscape 驚 人 的 自 然 景 色 stunning natural beauty 令人流連忘返 to be reluctant to leave, to linger on 世 外 桃 源 a paradise on earth; an earthly paradise 湖光山色 landscape of lakes and hills/ mountains 景色如畫 picturesque (views) 熙 熙 攘 攘 / 川 流 不 息 seething/ onrushing 精巧絕倫 exquisite
美不勝收 breathtaking/intriguing 令人眼花繚亂 dazzling 迷人的 enchanting/ charming 帶有異國情調/風味的 exotic 湖石假山 lakeside rocks and rockeries 園林建筑 garden architecture
獨 具 匠 心 original/ ingenious/ creative 工藝精湛 Exquisite workmanship 這里地勢起伏，花木蔥蘢，環境幽靜，建筑別致 Peaceful and secluded, this undulating terrain is covered with lush trees and beautiful flowers. The houses here are of unique architectural styles. 兩者交相輝映，美不勝收 The two categories of scenic spots complement each other and are really captivating. 公園景色與庭院建筑珠聯璧合，相映成趣。The buildings and the enchanting gardens are built in harmony, each representing a beautiful ornament to the other.
這一古建筑群集中代表了我國唐朝時期的建筑風格。This ancient architectural complex fully represents the architectural style of the Tang Dynasty. 它歷史悠久，可以追溯到漢朝時期
It has a long history dating back to the Han dynasty. 奇松、怪石、云海和溫泉 rare pines, exotic stones, a sea of cloud and hot springs 傳奇式的長城 the legendary Great Wall
神話般的絲綢之路 the fabled Silk Road 京杭大運河 the ancient Grand Canal
黃果樹瀑布 the Huangguoshu Falls 三峽（瞿塘峽、巫峽和西陵峽）the Three Gorges (the Qutang Gorge, the Wu Gorge and the Xiling Gorge) 鬼城豐都 Fengdu, known as the “Ghost City”
漓江游 a cruise on the Lijiang River 桂林山水甲天下 The landscape of Guilin tops those elsewhere
上有天堂，下有蘇杭 Up above there is a paradise, down below there are Suzhou and Hangzhou. 山外有山，景外有景，無限風光 endless vistas of mountains beyond mountains and scenery beyond scenery 綿延２００多公里 to stretch over 200 km
內陸邊界線 inland boundaries
海拔４０００米 4,000 meters above sea level
屬．．．氣候 to enjoy … climate
Shopping
購買旅游紀念品 to buy souvenirs
拼命購物 shopping spree 搶購 panic buying
工藝品攤點 arts and crafts stalls 手工藝品 handicrafts/ artifact
古玩店 antique/ curio shop 金石印章 metal and stone seals
木／竹／貝雕 wood/ bamboo/ shell carving
漆器、藤條制品 lacquer ware and wickerwork 唐三彩 trio-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty 景泰藍、青瓷和陶瓷 cloisonné, celadon and ceramics 陶器 earthenware/ pottery
瓷釉／琺瑯 enamel 瑪瑙、琥珀、水晶、鉆石、玳瑁和翡翠 agate, amber, crystal, diamond, tortoise shell and green jade 墨／青／碧／白／黃／紋玉 black/ hard/jasper/ white/ yellow/ veined jade 紅寶石、藍寶石、子母綠寶石、戒指、珍珠和墜子 ruby, sapphire, emerald, ring, pearl and pendant 項鏈、手鐲、耳環、發卡／飾和別針 necklace, bracelet, earring/eardrop, hair pin/ ornament and brooch 彩蛋、書簽和鑰匙鏈 painted egg shell, book mark and key holder 泥塑 clay figurine
字畫卷軸 scroll of calligraphy and painting
國畫、山水畫和水墨畫 traditional Chinese painting, landscape painting and ink painting
文房四寶 the four treasures of the Chinese study (including a writing brush, an ink stick, an ink stone and paper) 折扇、檀香扇 folding fan and sandal wood fan 蘇繡 Suzhou embroidery
掛毯 tapestry
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