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英語真題閱讀第1篇BUFFETZONELucyRobertsonstartedworkingatatakeawayfoodbusinesstosupplementherincomeduringhers下面是小編為大家整理的英語真題閱讀13篇,供大家參考。
BUFFET ZONE
Lucy Robertson started working at a takeaway food business to supplement her income during her student days at Edinburgh University, Several years later she had bought the business and now, 17 years on, she owns Grapevine Caterers, probably Scotland"s leading independent caterers, with a turnover of almost ￡
She had never planned to own a business, and had certainly never considered a career in (0) . However, her unplanned career began in 1985, when she returned to Edinburgh and discovered that the takeaway she had worked in was up for On impulse, she bought it, but admits that at the time she knew nothing about (8) was a difficult time, but essential in terms of gaining the experience she The late 1980s boom was good for business, with large numbers of office workers wanting takeaway food for their (9)"At one point there were 26 food outlets within a 5-kilometre radius," Robertson As the economy changed and the once packed office blocks started tobecome vacant, it became clear that Robertson would need to (10) changed the direction of the company for
As Robertson began to win catering contracts, she decided that the company would have to move to larger In 1994, the move was made when she bought another catering business that already had a number of profitable contracts for boardroom
Meanwhile, Robertson"s main competitor, the oldest catering company in Edinburgh, was causing her some "Customer loyalty is not to be underestimated," she But Robertson is not someone who is easily put (11) as a result of this, turnover doubled, and having outgrown another site, Robertson bought a city-centre location for the group"s
By now, Grapevine"s main competitor was a new catering company called Although Robertson tried to raise enough money to buy Towngates, she did not luck intervened and Towngates went (12) accepted and the company"s turnover went from ￡700,000 to ￡l .5 million almost
However, the company"s growth was not as smooth as it sounds in Robertson admits, "We were close to the edge during the growth Like many under-capitalised companies trying to grow, it might easily have " But that, she feels, is the challenge of developing your own
A But there are plenty of similar contracts to be won in the east of Scotland before Robertson turns her attention
B Her way round this particular problem was to recruit the catering manager of the rival
C But this demand was short-lived, and before long, increasing competition made it harder to make a
D "It was a dramatic learning curve and very small amounts of money were earned at first,’says
E She decided that the solution, since many companies required working lunches for meetings with clients, was to prepare and deliver meals to business
F On hearing this, Robertson immediately contacted all of their clients and offered the services of Grapevine
G Instead, she studied accountancy after leaving university, and a steady if unspectacular professional path seemed
Personal Assistant of the Year
0 Anne-Marie Garrard was shocked when it was announced that she had won the
00 Personal Assistant of the Year ‘The other candidates seemed me
34 to be very strong, and I have to say I found that the selection procedure really
35 hard," she "I didn"t think I had any chance of When I heard my
36 name, my legs were so weak I could only hardly stand up," she So
37 how is "the best" personal assistant chosen from a group of so extremely good
38 and very different individuals? The final decision was reached after a
39 day-long session of the tests, interviews and Garrard believes
40 the skills she uses in her job helped her how to perform For instance, although
41 most of her work is for her company"s Managing Director, she works for six bosses
42 in all, so she always tries out to be prepared for anything that might
43 As for the future, her firm has closed for its summer break now; as soon as
44 they will open again, there is a pay rise waiting for But Garrard is not
45 going to be She says, "There"s always room for personal must keep trying to
這篇文章講的是一個女生獲得個人助理獎后的情況。表達了一下激動了心情并且展望了未來。
34題，find后面直接可以接復合結構，例如find the story very interesting。如果是find that的話，that后面要接從句。所以這里that多余。
35題，正確的
36題，從意思上理解，說的是由于激動差點都站不起來，I could hardly stand up。Only多余。
37題，extremely是副詞，直接用來修飾good，so在這里多余。
38題，正確的
39題，tests, interviews and exercises并不是特指，不需要用the。
40題，help do 固定詞組，how多余
41題，正確的
42題，try out是試驗，考驗的意思，后面一般接for，這里應該直接用tries to be表示嘗試。
43題，正確的
44題，as soon as，一…就，后面從句通常用一般現在時表示將來時，所以will多余。
45題，be going to后面直接接動詞，表示將來的動作，如果有be的話后面接形容詞。relax是動詞，所以be多余
26-30 K D M O A
31-35 F H I C B
A. associated （v +ed.） 與…相關聯
B. examine（v.）檢查；
檢測
C. indicate（v.）意味；
指示；
象征
D. nuisance（n.）討厭的人或事
E. peak（n.）巔峰；
峰值
F. preventing（v +ing.）防止；
組織
G. prohibiting（v +ing.）禁止
H. sensitive（a.）敏感的
I. slight（a.）微小的
J. specify（v.）詳細說明；
指定
K. superior（a.）高超的；
優秀的
L. suspicious（a.）可疑的
M. tip（n.）尖端
N. treated（v +ed）被治療的"；
被對待的
O. visual（a.）視覺的
36. I
定位：段落第一句，”Yes, my advanced age must factor into the equation ,in part because of my inability to access the information as quickly.”
37. E
定位：段落首句?！盕ollowing the Harvard scandal, Mary Miller, the former dean of students at Yale, made an impassioned appeal to her school’s professors to refrain from take-home exams.”
38. C
定位：段落第三句“He believes students ultimately learn more and encourages them to form study groups.”
39. D
定位：段落首句“He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety.”
40. B
定位：
have a professor who issues take-home ones. I was excited when I Learned this, figuring I Had a full week to do the research.
41. H
定位：here are people who always wait until the last minute, and make it much harder than it needs to be.
42. G
定位：students’ test-form preferences vary ,too, often depending on the subject and course difficulty.
43. F
定位：Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on the subject. A quantitative-based one, for example, is unlikely to be sent home, where one could ask their older brothers and sisters to help.
44. A
定位：So it may seem rather strange that I have returned to college to finish the degree I left undone some four decades ago.
45. J
定位：“I like in-classs exams because the time is already reserved ,as opposed to using my free time at home to work on a test,” he responded.
46-50 D C A C B
51-55 D A A C B
In the last few years, managers throughout industry haveseen more changes than many of them could have expected tosee in their entire working lives having to communicateinformation which often leads to feelings of insecurity hasbecome a key From being regarded as relativelyunimportant in many companies , management employeecommunication has become a central corporate
Concordia International provides a good example of acompany that has adjusted well to the changing needs for communication . since 1995 ,Concordia has been turned inside-out and upside-down, to ensure that it is a marketing –led,customer-responsive business, one that looks outwards at customers and competitors, ratherthan inwards at its own processes and the way things were done in the In the last eightyears, Concordia has reduced its workforce by more than people - or 35% -on a voluntarybasis, with further downsizing
From being an engineering company, Concordia is now remaking itself as a service role of employee communication in such a context is to build people’s self-confidence, topersuade them that, although it is inevitable that the changes will go ahead, they also bring withthem new opportunities for However, this is not an easy People tend to beskeptical of these claims and to feel that they are losing touch with the company they haveworked for over many This is understandable, since many of the old certainties are beingswept away , including the core activities of the company they work Above all , they have hadto face up to the fact that they no longer have a job for
Research indicates that people respond to this predicament in a variety of The bulk ofemployees fall into two main categories in terms of their response to the new situation: on the onehand there are the “ pragmatists” and on the other “ the highly anxious” the former see their jobas a means to an end and have a relatively short-term perspective, with strong loyalty to their localterm , rather than the company as a whole . The second category, usually the majority, mayrespond to threatened changes with a feeling of having been let down, and even feel anger at thecompany for what they see as changing the terms of their
The employee communication process needs to be capable of accurately directing itsmessages at a variety of employee groups and departments within the workforce . this is whymiddle managers and line managers are so key to They are the people who knowabout the full rage of concerns among the The problem in the past was that this crucialarea was often the responsibility of a separate, relatively isolated Concordia puts responsibilityfor communication firmly on line All their research points to the same conclusion: peopleprefer to get their information face-to-face from their line That is the key relationshipand where arguments and hearts and minds –are
The general rule in company communication is to tell employees as much as you can as soonas you If you can’t provide details, then at least put the news in context and commit yourselfto providing greater detail when it becomes available another rule of company communication isthat there must be a fit between what the company is telling its employees and what it is telling In the last eight years, Concordia has
A made over employees reduncdant
B completed a period of downsizing
C reduced its workforce of by 35%
D given 35% of departing employees voluntary redundancy
16 From Concordia’s point of view, the role of communication is to
A win employee support before going ahead with the changes
B change the company’s core
C emphasise the positive aspects of the changes
D explain the need for the changes
17 what does research show about most employees’ response to change?
A they expect it to have a bad effect on the company
B they feel completely powerless
C they become less loyal
D they fell they have been treated unfairly
18 Concordia’s communication process mainly relies on
A printed communication
B departmental heads
C personal communication
D a separate, specialized unit
19 According to the writer, what is the guiding principle about giving information within anorganization?
A Never make promises about future developments
B Give people an overall view at the earliest possible stage
C always include plenty of hard information
D Hold back until all the details can be provided
20 which of the following would be the most suitable title for the article?
A employee attitudes to company communication
B making company communication more effective
C Researching company commmucation
D Making employees feel less powerless
參考答案及解析
文章取材自一本管理手冊，說的是一個組織里的有效溝通問題。這套題目有些特別，不像之前的閱讀的第三部分，六道題目分別依次對應文章的六個段落，這題的答案稍微分散了些。
15題，答案很明顯，但是選項很有迷惑性。答案是第二段的最后一句：In the last eight years, Concordia has reduced its workforce by more than people - or 35% -on a voluntary basis, with further downsizing 減少了80000員工(或者說減少了35%的員工)，預期還會減少更多。A選項是對的，made redundant是前面某套題目閱讀的第五部分考過的詞組;B不對，沒有完成(completed)，因為預期還會裁減更多(with further downsizing anticipated);C也不對，迷惑性最大，reduced its workforce of ，用了介詞of，所以這句的意思是一共就80000員工，而實際情況是減少了80000員工;D不對，35%的員工被裁減，都是在自愿的基礎上的，而不是離開的人中有35%是自愿的。
16題，問根據此人的觀點，溝通的角色是什么。也就是問溝通的目的或者作用是什么。答案在第三段。溝通是為了幫助人樹立自信，說服他們雖然要面臨一些變化，但是同樣也會擁有一些新的機會。說白了，就是鼓勵這些被裁的人。答案選C，強調變化的積極方面。這里的positive aspects是對前面說的bring with them new opportunities的一個概括。(想起了電影《在云端》，up in the air，里面那個老男人的工作就是職業裁員專家，專門對被裁的人說些這樣的話。)
17題，問調查顯示大多數人對change的反應是什么。這題在答案中也很明顯，但是選項很糾結。都有點似是而非。The second category, usually the majority, may respond to threatened changes with a feeling of having been let ,and even feel anger at the company for what they see as changing the terms of their 大多數員工的反應就是很失望，甚至會很憤怒。個人覺得這題出的不夠嚴謹，沒有哪個選項能嚴格從原文中提煉出來。對比下D要好點，因為對公司失望和憤怒，就是覺得受到了不公正的待遇。此題有待高手補充更完美的理由。
18題，問溝通過程主要依賴于什么。答案是第五段的這句：people prefer to get their information face-to-face from their line managers。喜歡面對面的從直屬經理那里獲取信息。所以選C，個人的交流。
19題，問組織內部提供信息的指導準則是什么。最后一段的第一句就是：The general rule in company communication is to tell employees as much as you can as soon as you can。盡可能的快，盡可能的多。不能提供細節的，至少給個大致的背景消息(put the news in context)。時機成熟了，再告知更多。選B：在可能的最早的階段讓人有個總體的印象。
20題，給文章選標題。這種題在BEC的閱讀里還真不多見。選標題，就是要挑選文章的最主要意思，從整體上把握文章的main ideas。這篇文章通篇說的就是communication，前面介紹了溝通的背景：裁員;接著說了員工對裁員的反應;然后最后兩段，一段說員工喜歡什么樣的溝通方式，一段說溝通的原則是什么。綜合起來，就是關于怎樣進行有效溝通的問題。選B。A不對，片面了，只是文中某部分的內容，并且這部分內容是為后面做背景介紹，不是主要的;C不對，不是簡單的research，research僅僅是介紹狀況，文章還有關于實現措施的。
26. G exposure
27. L levels
28. F enroll
29. O participated
30. C championships
31. E developing
32. M local
33. N operates
34. J graduating
35. B career
36. C 37.H 38.D 39.O 40.L
41.B 42.I 43.F 44.L 45.E
46-50 BBACD
46. What do we learn from the passage about cities in sub-Saharan Africa?
B）They are growing fast without becoming richer
定位：第一段第二句及第四句。第二句What’s indisputable is that it’s growing very quickly對應growing fast, 第四句sub-Saharan Africa are not getting richer the way cities in the rest of the world have.
47. What does the author imply about urbanisation in other parts of the world?
B) It started when people’s income was relatively high.
定位：第二段第二句：Most of Africa is urbanizing at a lower level of income than other regions of the world did.下文又提到因為收入低，所以缺少投資的錢。
48. Why is sub-Saharan Africa unappealing to investors?
A) It lacks adequate transport facilities.
定位：第二段最后一句:… the only light rail metro system…keep investors away.
49. In what way does author say African cities are different?
C) They have developed at the expense of nature.
定位：第三段第一句和第四句
50. What might be a solution to the problems facing African cities?
D) A more responsible government
定位：末段第五句。
51-55 BCADD
51. It used to be commonly acknowledged that to succeed in America, one had to have___.
B) an ambition to get ahead
第一段中：
For the past several decades, it seems there’s been a general consensus on how to get ahead in America: Get a college education, find a reliable job, and buy your own home.
52. What is the finding of the latest National Journal poll concerning the American dream?
C) Americans’ idea of it has changed over the past few decades.
第二段中：
Overwhelmingly， the results show that today, the idea of the American dream—and what it takes to achieve it—looks quite different than it did in the late 20th century.
53. What do Americans now think of the role of college education in achieving success?
A) It still remains open to debate.
第四段中：
In the past seven years, Americans have grown more pessimistic about the power of education to lead to success…they see going to college as a fairly achievable goal…do not need a four-year college education in order to be successful.
54. How do some people view college education these days?
D) It helps broaden their minds.
第六段：
While some…see college as a way to gain new perspective and life experiences.
55. What is one factor essential to success in America, according to Will Fendley?
D) A clear aim and high motivation.
第七段中：
Sixty-year-old Will Fendley…thinks “personal drive” is far more important than just going to college. To Fendley, a sense of drive and purpose, as well as an effective high-school education…
一、單詞分譯
單詞分譯是指把原文中的一個單詞拆譯成一個小旬或者句子。采用單詞分譯主要有兩個目的：一是為了句法上的需要。由于一些單詞在搭配、詞義等方面的特點，直譯會使句子生硬晦澀，而把某個單詞分譯卻能使句子通順，且不損傷原意。二是為了修飾上的需要，如加強語氣，突出重點等。英語中的名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞等都可分譯。
例：We recognize that China’s long-term modernization program understandably and necessarily emphasizes economic 我們認識到，中國的長期現代化計劃以發展經濟為重點，這是可以理解的，也是必要的。
二、短語分譯
短語分譯是指把原文中的一個短語分譯成一個句子。名詞短語、分詞短語、介詞短語等有時都可以分譯成句。
例1：These cheerful little trams，dating back to 1 873，chug and sway up the towering hills with bells ringing and people hanging from every 這些令人歡快的小纜車建于1873年，嘎嚓嘎嚓搖擺爬上高聳的山巒。車上鈴兒叮當作響，每個窗口都是人。(介詞短語分澤)
例2：The military is forbidden to kill the vessel，a relatively easy 軍方被禁止擊毀這艘潛艇，雖然要擊毀它并不怎么費事。(名詞短語分譯)
三、轉換譯
轉譯是指商務英語翻譯中語言的詞性和表現形式的改變。由于英語和漢語的表達習慣和句子結構的不同，在翻譯中往往難以做到詞性和表現方法的一致。為了適應譯文語言的表達習慣和語法規則，在商務英語翻譯中必須運用詞類和表現方法的轉換技巧。
詞性的轉換
如：Please let US know if our terms are 請告知是否接受我方條款。(形容詞acceptable轉類為動詞)
句型的轉換
如：We have to make it sure that the remittance of commission made as such is not against local 我們得確保這樣匯付傭金不違反當地規定。
四、順序譯法
有些英語語句敘述的一連串動作按發生的時間先后安排，或按邏輯關系安排，與漢語的表達方式比較一致，可按原文順序譯出。
例：In international buying and selling of goods, there are a number of risks, which, if they occur, will involve traders in financial 【分析】
按意群的關系，該句可以拆分為四部分：In international buying and selling of goods/there are a number of risks/if they occur/which will involve traders in financial 原文各句的邏輯關系，表達次序與漢語基本一致，因此可以按原文譯出。參考譯文：(在)國際貿易貨物的買賣(中)存在著各種各樣的風險，這些風險的發生將會給(有關的)商人們帶來經濟損失。
五、逆序譯法
“逆序譯法”又稱“倒置譯法”，主要指句子的前后倒置問題。有些英語語句的表達次序與漢語習慣不同，甚至語序完全相反，這是因為漢語在敘述動作時一般按照動作發生的先后順序排列，而英語在敘述動作時，更多的是使用各種語法手段將動作的先后順序打亂。這就要求我們必須從原文的后面澤起，逆著原文的順序翻譯。
例：Unless you are prepared to eat in silence you have to talk about something--something，that is，other than the business deal which you are continually chewing over in your
【分析】
該句可以拆分為四部分：Unless you are prepared to eat in silence/you have to talk about something/_something，that is，other than the business deal/which you are continually chewing over in your 這句英語長句的敘述層次與漢語邏輯相反，所以宜用逆譯法。參考譯文：吃飯時你必須隨便談些與生意無關的事情，否則你只能埋頭吃飯。你什么都可以談，但就是不能談你腦子里一直在反復琢磨的生意。
六、術語精確
商務翻譯中有許多涉及經濟、貿易、法律等方面的專業術語。要精確傳達原文的信息，使讀者準確理解原文，譯者必須使用標準的，對等的專業術語，如果不全面了解這些術語，在翻譯中會不夠地道，甚至讓人不知所云。例如：
open policy預約保險單
flexible container軟包裝
bill of lading(B/L)提單
(physical distribution)實物配送
(dead weight tonnage)載重
shipping documents裝船單據
FOB(free on board)船上交貨價
Force Majeure不可抗拒力
Consolidation拼箱，集運
general average共同海損
七、語氣恰當
在商務活動中，禮貌原則是非常重要的。在商務交往及商務文本中，雙方都盡量措辭嚴謹，語氣溫和。在商務活動中，中西方都有一些固定的表達方式可以使商務文本嚴肅可信。這種情況下，譯者可以在準確傳達原意的基礎上，采取歸化翻譯手段使譯文更易于接受。
1 the contact between coach and employee not solving all difficulties at work
2 the discussion of how certain situations could be better handled if they occur again
3 a coach encouraging an employee to apply what has been taught to routine work situations
4 coaching providing new interest to individuals who are unhappy in their current positions
5 coaching providing a supportive environment to discuss performance
6 employees being asked to analyse themselves and practise greater self-awareness
7 coaching enabling a company to respond rapidly to a lack of expertise in a certain area
Coaching
A
Coaching involves two or more people sitting down together to talk through issues that have come up recently at work, and analysing how they were managed and how they might be dealt with more effectively on subsequent Coaching thus transfers skills and information from one person to another in an on-the-job situation so that the work experience of the coach is used to advise and guide the individual being It also allows successes and failures to be evaluated in a non-threatening
B
Coaching means influencing the learner"s personal development, for example his or her confidence and It can take place any time during an individual"s Coaching is intended to assist individuals to function more effectively, and it is a powerful learning It begins where skills-based training ends, and helps individuals to use formally learnt knowledge in day-to-day work and management Individuals being coached are in a demanding situation with their coach, which requires them to consider their own behaviour and question their reasons for doing
C
The coach professionally assists the career development of another individual, outside the normal manager/subordinate In theory, the coaching relationship should provide answers to every problem, but in practice it falls short of However, it can provide a space for discussion and feedback on topics such as people management and skills, behaviour patterns, confidence-building and time Through coaching, an organisation can meet skills shortages, discuss targets and indicate how employees should deal with challenging situations, all at short
D
Effective coaches are usually those who get satisfaction from the success of others and who give time to the coaching Giving people coaching responsibilities can support their development, either by encouraging management potential through small-scale one-to-one assignments, or by providing added job satisfaction to managers who feel they are stuck in their present A coach is also a confidential adviser, accustomed to developing positive and effective approaches to complex management, organisational and change
選詞填空：
This idea of taxing things that are…
discouraging
impaired
instrumental
incentives
probably
dividend
inherently
信息匹配：
Slow Hope
[E] Some of today "s narratives aboutthe future seem tosuggest that wetoo，likePrometheus， will be saved by a newHercules ，a divineengineer someone who will master-mind， manoeuvre andmanipulate our planet .
acknowledgement of ourpresent ecologi-cal plight but also a language of pasitivechange， visions ofabetterfuture .
[C] Today we can no longer ignore theecological cursesthat we have released in our search for warmth and
[K] The unscrupulous (無所忌的)commodificationoffood and the destruction of foodstuffs wilcontinue to dev-a states oils， livelihoods andecologies .
[D] Acceleration is the signature ofour time .
[G] This much is clear we need to findways that help usflatten the hockey-stick curves that reflect ourever-fasterpace of ecological destruction and social acceleration .
[A] Our world is full of-mostlyuntold-star ies of slowhope， driven by the idea thatchange is possible .
[F] Yet，ifweenvisage our salvation to come from a deusexmachina(解圍之種)， from a divine engineer or a techsolutionist who wll miraculously conjure up a new source ofenergy or another cure-allwith revolutionary patency ，wemight be looking in thewrong place .
44[L] We need an acknowledgement of ourpresent eco lagi-cal plight but also a language of positive change ， visions ofabetter future .
[B] At the beginning of time-so goesthe myth-humanssuffered ， shivering in the cold anddark until the titan(巨人) Prometheus stole fire from
仔細閱讀：
) The near impossibility ofappreciating art in an age of mass
) It is quite common to misinterpretartistic
) Good management is key to handlinglarge crowds
possible to combineentertainment with apprecia-tion of serious
Helpustosee the world from adifferent
) It takes no notice of the potentialimpact on the
It has the capacity and thefinancial resources to do
) Farming consumes most of ournatural
) Its alleged failure to regulate
) Endeavor to ensure the sustainabledevelopment
英語六級的分數計算：聽力分數占總分35%共249分、閱讀分數占總分35%共249分、綜合分數占總分10%共70分、寫作和翻譯分數占總分20%共142分。
由國家教育部任命成立“全國大學英語四、六級考試委員會”，考試委員會由全國若干重點大學的有關教授和專家組成，設顧問二人，主任委員一人，副主任委員若干人，專業委員會委員和咨詢委員會委員各若干人。全國大學英語四、六級考試委員會在學術上、組織上對大學英語考試負責。部分考務工作由“教育部考試中心”負責?？荚囄瘑T會設辦公室作為常設辦事機構。
全國大學英語六級考試的主要對象是高等學校修完大學英語四級的本科生;同等程度的大專生或碩士研究生經所在學校同意，可在本校報名參加考試;同等程度的夜大或函授大學學生經所在學校同意，可在本校報名參加考試;1987年后畢業需要補考的大學本科畢業生。
符合大學英語六級考試報名條件的人員包括：全日制普通高校?？?、本科和研究生中的在校生;另外，本校已設六級考點，原則上不得跨?？荚?。大學英語六級考試是一項大規模標準化考試，這種考試屬于尺度相關常模參照性考試(criterion-relatednorm-referencedtest)，即以教學大綱為考試的依據，但同時又反映考生總體的正態分布情況。
Trouble with Teamwork
Mary Owen examines the role and efficiency of teams
Recruiters say that candidates who can give examples of work they have done as members of a successful team are in as strong a position as those who can point to significant individual Indeed, too much of the latter may suggest that the person concerned is not a "team player" - one of the more serious failings in the book of
The importance of being a team player is a side effect of the increasing interaction across departments and functional Instead of pushing reports, paperwork and decisions around the organisation, "teams provide a dynamic meeting place where ideas can be shared and expertise more carefully targeted at important business issues," says Steve Gardner, in his book Key Management He adds, "Globalisation has added a further dimension to Multinational teams now study policy decisions in the light of their impact on the local "
But is teamworking being overdone? "Some managers are on as many as seven or eight different teams", says Dr Cathy Bandy, a psychologist who recently ran a conference on the "They take up so much time that managers can"t get on with core " Forming teams and having meetings has, she says, become an end in itself, almost regardless of There is also the danger of an unhealthy desire to keep the team going after the work has been "People feel the need to belong, and team membership can provide a kind of psychological "
The idea behind teamworking is that, when the right group of people is brought together, a "force" develops which is greater than the sum of their individual This is often true in sport, where good players can reach unexpected heights as members of an international However,few business situations have as clear a set of objectives, or as clear criteria of success or failure, as winning a
"In business, everyone needs to be clear about what the challenge is and whether a team is the right way of approaching it", says Steve "Unfortunately, people focus instead on who the members of the team should be and what roles they are to play" Dr Bandy "There is always a danger that teams can turn into committees," she "In a lot of situations, one or two individuals would be much more "
So what makes a successful team? There are some general qualities that have been Steve Gardnerrecommends that in every team there should be someone who is good at researching ideas and another who is good at shooting down impractical There should be those who can resolve the tensions that naturally occur in a team and others who are focused on getting the job Also, providing a clear and achievable target at the outset is the best way of ensuring that the team will move on to greater
13 What point does the writer make about teamworking at the beginning of the article?
A It is the most successful form of
B It has changed the recruitment procedure in
C Well-run teams still allow individuals to demonstrate their
D Being a team player is now considered an essential management
14 According to the article, teamwork developed within companies as a response to
A modern office
B changing work
C a reduction in administrative
D the expansion of international
15 In the third paragraph, Dr Bandy suggests that
A many employees do not enjoy working in
B some managers are not very effective team
C some teams are created
D few teams are well
16 According to the writer, teamwork is more effective in the field of sport because the players
A know what they want to
B are more competitive by
C have more individual
D can be driven by national
17 Steve Gardner and Dr Bandy agree that when a business team is created people do not pay enough attention to
A the structure of the
B alternatives to the
C selecting the team
D directing the team"s
18 What is Steve Gardner"s advice on operating a successful team?
A Maintain a flexible approach to
B Allow personalities to develop within the
C Select people who fit naturally into certain
D Make every effort to avoid conflict between
《Trouble with Teamwork》，團隊合作的麻煩。文章講了團隊的重要性和很多團隊存在的問題，以及怎么樣才能打造一個成功有效的團隊。
第十三題，問文章開頭作者針對團隊合作做了什么論點。第一段是強調團隊合作的重要性，太多的個人成果會顯得這個人不是個合格的團隊成員。選答案要理解第一句話的含義：Recruiters say that candidates who can give examples of work they have done as members of a successful team are in as strong a position as those who can point to significant individual 招聘者說能夠給出自己作為一個成功團隊成員的例子的候選人同那些指出重要的個人成果的人具有同樣重要的地位。言下之意，擁有團隊成員的經歷也很重要。所以選D，作為一個團隊成員如今被視為必要的管理技巧。A、B、C都沒有提到。
第十四題，問公司內部的團隊合作是作為對什么的回應。也就是問團隊合作的目的是什么，答案是第二段的這么一句："teams provide a dynamic meeting place where ideas can be shared and expertise more carefully targeted at important business issues 團隊提供了一個動態的會議場所，使得思想可以分享，技能可以更加仔細的對準重要的商業問題。這句里的dynamic meeting place可以對應于B段的changing work practice。
第十五題，問在第三段Dr Bandy暗示什么。答案是她的一句原話：Forming teams and having meetings has, she says, become an end in itself, almost regardless of 形成團隊然后開會成了它本身的終點，幾乎不管目的是什么。也就是說很多團隊的建立是沒有意義的，多余的。選C，一些團隊被不必要的創建了。
第十六題，問作者認為團隊合作在體育領域里更有效的原因是什么。第四段講當一群正確的人被組合到一起時會產生一種高于這些人個人能力的力量，在體育比賽里就是如此。這一題的答案是第四段的最后一句：few business situations have as clear a set of objectives, or as clear criteria of success or failure, as winning a 。很少有企業能像贏得一場比賽一樣有一系列清晰的目標，或者是對成功或失敗有清晰的評判準則。也就是A選項所說的：知道他們想要實現什么。what they want to achieve可以對應于a set of objectives。
第十七題，問這兩個人同意當一個商業團隊被創立時人們沒有把注意力放在什么上面。這一題要理解第五段的意思。第一句說In business, everyone needs to be clear about what the challenge is and whether a team is the right way of approaching it。在企業，每個人都必須很清楚挑戰是什么以及團隊是否是實現它的最好的辦法?？紤]團隊是不是最好的辦法，也就是說要考慮其他可能的途徑，即B選項所說的團隊的替代品(alternatives to the team)，后面有句focus instead….人們卻把注意力放在了其他的地方。從這些可以看出答案是B。
第十八題，問關于運作一個成功團隊Steve Gardner的建議是什么。這題的答案是對最后一段的概括。答案是最后一段第三句recommend后面的一長串there…who，要有不同的人勝任不同的角色。歸納起來，就是各司其職選C：選擇能夠自然融洽的勝任某個角色的人。其他幾個選項都沒提到。
第二段有個地方值得解釋下。Globalisation has added a further dimension to teamwork。
這里的dimension用法比較特別，表示方面，特征，并且是很地道常見的說法
牛津詞典的解釋：an aspect or feature of a situation, problem, or thing。
麥克米蘭的解釋：a part of a situation, especially when it influences the way you think about the situation。
Doing volunteer work has added a whole new dimension to my
常見搭配：an extra/added/additional/further dimension
Human Resources Policy
CBA Bank was the largest financial institution to sign the employers" "People Come First" code of practice in the early In doing so, it committed itself to the highest (0) in human resources practices such as the communication of company(19) to employees, the setting of individual training and personal (20), and the holding of regular performance (21) for all
Like other organisations, CBA is replacing the traditional hierarchy with a flatter organisational structure which gives employees more broadly defined (22) the The change is offering employees greater opportunities for work in cross-disciplinary project As a result, interpersonal (23) are extremely
The policy seems to be There is a great deal of goodwill among employees, who (24) fact that customer satisfaction is the organisation"s chief CBA claims to pursue this aim for its own (25) , rather than as a means of earning profits for
An ability to relate to all kinds of people is the most important attribute CBA looks for in (26) Graduates are (27) for a two-year period and exposed to all (28) of retail financial By the end of this training period, they will have taken their Institute of Banking examination and, if they have (29) their performance targets, they will have (30) a job at the
"On the whole, we are not looking for people straight out of college," says human resources manager Maiy "We would prefer that they had (31) experience of life and had taken a year out between school and college to travel or do some kind of "
The company has recently introduced a new policy on pay, and it is now (32) performance through bonus schemes, with the objective being to (33) employees for their achievements and
19 A designs B purposes C ends D objectives
20 A continuation B extension C development D advancement
21 A reviews B trials C revisions D judgements
22 A capacities B parts C roles D elements
23 A abilities B talents C assets D skills
24 A recommend B honour C respect D obey
25A sake B reason C behalf D cause
26 A expected B intended C potential D eventual
27 A taken on B written in C put on D drawn in
28 A fields B areas C regions D parts
29 A arrived B done C passed D met
30 A secured B reached C confirmed D fixed
31 A gained B won C earned D realised
32 A attached B linked C combined D joined
33 A return B reward C recompense D refund
《Human Resource Policy》，人力資源政策。主要是講的CBA銀行的人力資源政策，。先簡單介紹了這個銀行的管理結構，是扁平化的組織結構(flatter organizational structure)，而不是等級制公司(hierarchy)?？傮w原則是不招應屆的剛出校門的畢業生，而要有一定的生活經驗或者是工作經驗。
第19、20、21題，這幾空都是舉例說明前面提到的human resources practices。19空是說的將公司的發展目標傳達給員工。公司目標，用objective。purpose是指具體做某件事情的意圖。這里有必要區分一下objective和purpose，看英文解釋。
purpose: the reason you do something, and the thing you want to achieve when you do it
objective: something that you are working hard to achieve, especially in business or politics
第20題，個人培訓和發展計劃的制定。個人發展計劃，personal development plans，選C。
第21題，定期的表現回顧。用review。hold在這個句子里是舉行的意思。the holding of regular performance review，定期舉行員工的表現回顧。
第22題，說扁平化的組織結構可以給員工更加定義廣泛的角色。broadly defined roles,選C。
第23題，人際交往技巧是很重要的。interpersonal skills,是地道的說法。參見一個例句：you will need good interpersonal
第24題，這一句的意思很好理解，是說員工們越來越看重或者說是承認一個事實：顧客的滿意是組織的主要目標。recommend是推薦、建議，后面不接the fact(事實)，honour是敬重，obey是遵守，這里應該選擇respect。respect這里是重視或者接受的意思，看英英詞典上的解釋：to accept that something which is established or formally agreed is right or important and not to attempt to change it or harm it。所以這一空應該選擇respect the fact，表示接受這個事實。
第25題，CBA銀行追求這個目的是為著自己的利益，而不是為股東掙利潤的工具。for the sake of something 或for something"s sake：for the purpose of; in the interest of; in order to achieve or preserve 為了…目的;為了…的利益;為了。。。固定用法，選A。
第26題，尋找潛在的新成員。地道的詞是potential，比如potential recruits, potential staff, potential
第27題，考察的是短語take on的一個用法，雇傭：If you take someone on, you employ them to do a ;write in：to write a letter to a newspaper, television company or other organization, to state an opinion or ask something以群眾來信的形式表達的意見。
第28題，把畢業生分配在各個連鎖金融服務領域。用area。field做領域、范圍講的時候是指的研究、活動，region是指的具體的地區，parts是部分，應該用area。
第29題，完成目標，met the targets。
第30題，完成了目標就可以得到工作。secure：to get possession of; acquire:
第31題，招的人已經具有了一定的生活經驗。gain：to obtain something that is useful, that gives you an advantage, or that is in some way positive, especially over a period of time
eg: After you"ve gained some experience teaching abroad you can come home and get a
第32題，薪酬現在和業績掛鉤。link to，聯系。
第33題，reward 獎勵某人。reward employees for their achievements and effort，因為功勞而獎勵員工。
選詞填空：
Virtually every activity that entails orfacilitates…
foreseeable
disruptions
credited
credential
信息匹配：
Why lifelong leaming is the inte mationalpassport to suc-cess
[H] Those projects are then interwovenwith fast-pacedtechnical modules (模塊)learned"on-the-fly"and"atwilr depending on the nature of the project .
[E] The Bachelar"s degree could beyour passport to lifo-long learning .
[B] Why?Because universities andcurricula are designedalong the three unities of French classical tragedy ：
time，ac-tion，
[K] Sound like sciencefiction?
] In addition to technicalcapabilities ， the very nature ofprojects develops socialand entrepreneurial skills ，suc hasdesign thinking ， initiative taking ，teamleading， activity re-porting or resource planning .
[C] The university model needs toevolve .
[J] After the MSc diploma is earned ， there would be manymore stamps of lifelong learning over the
[N] Even if time were not an issue ，who will pay for life-long learning?
44[F] Recent advances in computationalmethods and datascience push us into rethinking science and engineering ，[M] This could fix the main organisational challenges fortheuniversity ，butnotforthelearners， due to lack of time-family obligations or funds .
仔細閱讀：
B) People"s reluctance to becompelled to eat plantbased
A) Radically change their
B) Many people simply do not haveaccess to foods they prefer
D) It may worsen the nourishmentproblem in lowincome
A) It accepts them at the expense ofthe long-term interests of its
C) They constantly dismissothers"proposals while taking no responsibility for tacklingthe
D A distinction should be drawnbetween responsibility and fault
A Stop them from going further byagreeing with
B) They are prompted to come up withideas for making possible
C Assuming responsibility to freeoneself
Customer Services Director
0 Our client is well known as a producer of branded products in the home
00 improvement The business is experiencing a period of such significant
34 volume and profit growth and as a result is now looking to appoint itself a
35 Customer Services This position involves in reporting directly to the
36 Managing Director and key responsibilities include the control and development
37 of the process for ordering While through the management and
38 motivation of twenty staff, you will be seen the focal point of managing
39 customers" expectations, from keeping them up to date at all times with the
40 progress of their This role is a challenging one and calls for an individual
41 with those top-level interpersonal and communication skills and a good
42 understanding of process In return for the company offers the
43 right candidate with a highly competitive salary and benefits Assistance
44 with relocation expenses, if appropriate, that is also If you feel you have
45 the qualifications for this exciting role and are looking for a challenge, please write in confidence to:
這篇文章是一則招聘啟事，招的是客戶服務總監(customer services director)。簡單介紹了一下公司的情況以及這個工作的職責。
34題，appoint是及物動詞，后面直接接人，表示任命，itself在這里多余;
35題，involve doing，in多余，這是常見的地道的表述?？磦€例句：What do research jobs involve doing?
36題，正確
37題，這行要聯系下一行，從整體上來體會句子的含義。介詞through表方式，連詞while是多余的。這句的意思是通過對20個員工的管理和激勵，你會成為管理客戶期望的焦點。
38題，be和seen在這里謂語動詞重復了，必須去掉一個。從意思上看，是說你可以成為什么，而不是你可以看見什么。所以用you will be,seen多余。
39題，keeping them up to date …現在分詞作伴隨狀語，是對前面的補充說明。介詞from在這里是多余的。
40題，正確
41題，with后面直接接賓語，代詞those是多余的
42題，in return是固定搭配，表示相應的，反過來，for多余
43題，offer sth固定搭配，with多余。offer與with搭配時是offer with
44題，中間的if appropriate是插入語，可以不予考慮，整個句子就是assistance with relocation expenses是主語，is是謂語，后面是賓語，主謂賓都很齊全，that是多余的
45題，正確。這一行有個詞組，in confidence，是in secrecy的意思。
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